Slovnica ~54 min jedra še preostane

Povedati, kaj obžalujem in kaj si želim

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Znam povedati, da mi je žal, kako so stvari zdaj, in se pritožiti nad vedenjem drugih.

Začni lekcijo Jedro 54 min · koraki: 6 · izbirno: +2

Navedeni čas jedra. Dva bloka jedra nimata številke, zato je prava lekcija daljša od te vsote.

Slovnica

15 min

V B1 #8 je preteklik za if odmikal od resničnosti: If I had more time… — časa ni. I wish deluje enako. To je angleški način, kako reči „škoda, da…“ ali „ko bi le…“.

Oblika: I wish + osebek + preteklik. Glagol je v pretekliku, govorimo pa o današnjem dnevu.

kako je obžalovanje
I don't have a car. I wish I had a car.
I can't swim. I wish I could swim.
I have to work on Saturdays. I wish I didn't have to work on Saturdays.
It's raining. I wish it wasn't raining.
I'm not very tall. I wish I were taller.

Najpomembnejše: predznak se obrne. Poglej tabelo: kjer je v življenju „ne“, je v obžalovanju „da“, in obratno. I wish I had a car — „škoda, da nimam avta“. I wish I didn't have to work — „škoda, da moram delati“. Slovenska poved imenuje to, kar je („škoda, da nimam“), angleška pa to, kar si želimo („rad bi, da bi imel“). Zato pri prevodu zanikanje izgine ali se pojavi.

Zakaj preteklik. I wish I had a car je pravzaprav prva polovica pogojne povedi iz B1 #8 brez druge: „ko bi imel avto…“. Pretekla oblika tudi tu pomeni „tega v resnici ni“. Če obvladaš If I had…, se I wish I had… tvori povsem enako; pogosto tudi stojita skupaj: I wish I had a car. If I had a car, I'd drive to work.

Z be je primeren were za vse osebe, kot v If I were you; v pogovoru tudi was. Sposobnost izraža could: I wish I could drive. Obveznost — didn't have to, ker must pretekle oblike nima (A2 #10).

If only — isto, a močneje, skoraj vzklik: If only I had more time! — „Ko bi le imel več časa!“

I wish + would — želim si, da bi se kaj spremenilo. Tako govorimo o tujem vedenju, ki nas moti, in o tem, kar ni odvisno od nas: I wish you would stop interrupting me. — „Nehaj me prekinjati“ — z očitkom. I wish it would stop raining. — „Da bi že nehalo deževati.“ would gleda naprej: človek se lahko začne vesti drugače. O sebi tako ne govorimo: svoje vedenje spremeniš sam, brez wish. Namesto ✗ I wish I would… — I wish I could… ali I wish I had….

Primerjaj:

I wish he didn't smoke. Škoda, da kadi. — samo obžalovanje dejstva
I wish he would stop smoking. Ko bi le nehal! — želim spremembo, nisem zadovoljen

wish ali hope. hope — o tem, kar se lahko povsem zgodi, in za njim je običajen čas: I hope you get the job. I hope it doesn't rain tomorrow. wish — o tem, česar ni: I wish I had a job. Obstaja še tretji pomen — voščilo s samostalnikom, brez preteklika: I wish you luck, We wish you a happy New Year.

O preteklosti („škoda, da takrat nisem…“) se wish tvori drugače, to obliko spoznamo pozneje. Tu — samo o sedanjosti.

Še primeri:

I wish I knew the answer. Škoda, da ne vem odgovora.
I wish you were here. Škoda, da te ni tu.
I wish my neighbours would turn the music down. Ko bi le sosedje utišali glasbo.
If only I didn't live so far from work! Ko le ne bi živel tako daleč od službe!

Tako se ne reče. ✗ I wish I didn't must work on Saturdays → ✓ I wish I didn't have to work on Saturdays. must nima pretekle oblike, zato je za wish potreben have to.

Preveri se. Kaj pomeni I wish I lived in the country: človek živi na podeželju ali ne? Kako rečeš „škoda, da ne govorim nemško“? wish ali hope: „da bi le bilo jutri sončno“?

prikaži odgovore
ne, živi v mestu — wish + preteklik govori o tem, česar ni; I wish I spoke German (ali I wish I could speak German); hope — to se lahko povsem zgodi: I hope it's sunny tomorrow.
Oglas

Napake govorcev slovenščine

prirejeno za vaš jezik
1

Zanikanje iz slovenske povedi

I wish I didn't have a car — pravilna angleščina, a pomeni nasprotno: „škoda, da imam avto“. Za „škoda, da nimam avta“ je potrebno ✓ I wish I had a car. V „škoda, da nimam“ je zanikanje, in vleče ga prenesti. Angleška poved pa imenuje želeno, kot „rad bi imel“.

2

Sedanjik za wish

✗ I wish I have more time → ✓ I wish I had more time; ✗ I wish I can drive → ✓ I wish I could drive. „Škoda, da nimam časa“, „škoda, da ne znam voziti“ sta v sedanjiku, in angleški glagol bi radi pustili v sedanjiku. A za wish se čas pomakne v preteklik, kot za if v B1 #8.

3

would o sebi

✗ I wish I would speak Italian

✓ I wish I spoke Italian / I wish I could speak Italian

„Želim si, da bi govoril italijansko“ ima pogojniški „bi“, in ta vleče k would. A I wish … would je o tujem vedenju ali o vremenu, o sebi tako ne govorimo.

4

wish namesto hope

✗ I wish you will pass the exam

✓ I hope you pass the exam / I hope you'll pass the exam

„Želim ti, da boš opravil izpit“ vleče k wish, „boš“ pa k will. O resnični prihodnosti pa govorimo s hope, wish pa se z will sploh ne veže.

Izgovorjava

4 min

Obžalovanje nosi intonacija fall-rise — padec in nato dvig, ista kot pri vljudni pritožbi (A2 #25):

I wish I had more time ↘↗

Glas pade na naglašenem time in se na koncu rahlo dvigne: „ko bi le…“. Raven padec zveni kot suha ugotovitev.

wish — /wɪʃ/: na začetku ustnični /w/, ne slovenski „v“ — ustnice se zaokrožijo, zobje se ustnic ne dotaknejo; samoglasnik je kratek /ɪ/, ne dolgi „i“. V zvezi I wish I se glas /ʃ/ zlije z naslednjim I: /aɪ ˈwɪʃ aɪ/ zveni brez premora.

If only — naglas na only: /ɪf ˈəʊnli/. Prvi glas v only je dvoglasnik /əʊ/, kot v go, ne čisti slovenski „o“.

Oglas

Besedilo

5 min

I love my flat, but some days I wish I lived somewhere else. It's right in the centre of town, so everything is close. The problem is that it's tiny. I wish I had a proper kitchen — at the moment I cook on a small hob next to the sofa. And I wish the walls weren't so thin.

My neighbour upstairs is a nice young man, but he plays the drums. Every evening at ten, the concert starts. I wish he would practise in the afternoons instead. I've asked him twice, and he always says sorry, but nothing changes.

I also wish I could drive. If I had a car, I'd visit my parents more often. They live in a village in Yorkshire, and the trains there are slow and expensive. If only the buses were better!

Still, I'm not going to move. I like the cafés, the park and the noise of the street. I just hope my neighbour finds a new hobby soon. Maybe I'll buy him a guitar — a quiet one.

Branje na glas

Vaje

30 min

1. Vstavljanje.

  1. I don't have enough time. I wish I (have) more time
  2. I can't speak Italian. I wish I (speak) Italian
  3. I can't drive. I wish I (can) drive
  4. It's raining again. I wish it (not / rain)
  5. My flat is very small. I wish it (be) bigger
  6. I have to get up at six. I wish I (not / have to) get up so early
  7. My brother always borrows my things. I wish he (stop) doing that
  8. I don't know her address. If only I (know) it!
Prikaži odgovore
had; spoke / could speak; could; wasn't raining / weren't raining; was / were; didn't have to; would stop; knew

2. Prepiši z I wish

  1. I don't have a garden.
  2. I live so far from work.
  3. I can't play the guitar.
  4. I'm not good at maths.
  5. I have to wear a suit at work.
  6. My sister doesn't live near me.
Prikaži odgovore
I wish I had a garden; I wish I didn't live so far from work / I wish I lived closer to work; I wish I could play the guitar; I wish I were good at maths / I wish I was good at maths / I wish I were better at maths / I wish I was better at maths; I wish I didn't have to wear a suit at work; I wish my sister lived near me / I wish my sister lived nearer / I wish my sister lived closer

3. Prepiši pritožbo z I wish … would.

  1. My neighbour plays loud music at night. (stop)
  2. You never listen to me. (listen)
  3. It's been raining for three days. (stop)
  4. My colleague always leaves dirty cups on my desk. (not / leave)
  5. The bus is late again. (come)
Prikaži odgovore
I wish my neighbour would stop playing loud music at night / I wish my neighbour would stop playing loud music; I wish you would listen to me / I wish you'd listen to me; I wish it would stop raining; I wish my colleague wouldn't leave dirty cups on my desk / I wish my colleague would stop leaving dirty cups on my desk; I wish the bus would come / I wish the bus would come soon

4. Izbira.

  1. I you have a good trip
  2. I I knew the answer
  3. We it doesn't rain on Saturday
  4. I my parents lived closer
  5. I you feel better soon
Prikaži odgovore
hope; wish; hope; wish; hope

5. Iskanje napak.

  1. I wish I have more free time.
  2. I wish I would speak Italian.
  3. I wish I can come to your party.
  4. I wish you will pass the exam.
  5. If only I am ten years younger!
  6. I wish I didn't must get up at six.
Prikaži odgovore
I wish I had more free time; I wish I spoke Italian / I wish I could speak Italian; I wish I could come to your party; I hope you pass the exam / I hope you'll pass the exam / I hope you will pass the exam; If only I were ten years younger! / If only I was ten years younger!; I wish I didn't have to get up at six

6. Odgovori s celimi povedmi

— o sebi. Rešitve spodaj so zgled. 1) What do you wish you could do? 2) What do you wish was different about your town? 3) Is there anything you wish other people would stop doing?

Prikaži odgovore
I wish I could play the piano; I wish there were more parks and fewer cars / I wish the buses were better; I wish people would stop using their phones in the cinema

7. Prevedi v angleščino.

1) Škoda, da nimam avta. 2) Škoda, da ne znam plavati. 3) Da bi le nehal zamujati! 4) Ko bi le živel bližje službi! 5) Upam, da boš kmalu ozdravel.

Prikaži odgovore
I wish I had a car; I wish I could swim; I wish he would stop being late! / I wish he'd stop being late!; If only I lived closer to work! / If only I lived nearer to work!; I hope you get better soon / I hope you feel better soon
Oglas

Povzetek

Obravnavano

  • I wish in If only + preteklik o sedanjosti
  • could in didn't have to za wish
  • obrnjen predznak pri prevodu
  • I wish … would o tujem vedenju
  • wish proti hope

Sledi lekcija 10: ugibanja.

Konec jedra

Lekcija se šteje za opravljeno, ko so vaje končane. Vse po tem je izbirno.

Lekcija 82

izbirno

Besedišče za kartice

14 besed
  • wish /wɪʃ/ želeti si, obžalovati
  • if only /ɪf ˈəʊnli/ ko bi le
  • tiny /ˈtaɪni/ drobcen, majcen
  • proper /ˈprɒpə/ pravi, spodoben
  • hob /hɒb/ kuhalna plošča
  • thin /θɪn/ tanek
  • upstairs /ˌʌpˈsteəz/ zgoraj, nadstropje višje
  • drums /drʌmz/ bobni
  • hobby /ˈhɒbi/ hobi, konjiček
  • quiet /ˈkwaɪət/ tih, miren
  • noise /nɔɪz/ hrup
  • interrupt /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/ prekinjati, seči v besedo
  • suit /suːt/ obleka (moška), kostim
  • get better /ˌɡet ˈbetə/ ozdraveti, izboljšati se

Pisanje

Pet ali šest povedi: tri stvari, ki jih v svojem življenju zdaj obžaluješ, in ena o tujem vedenju. Vsaj en If only….

Zgled

I wish I had more free time. I work long hours, and I wish I didn't have to travel so much. I also wish I could play an instrument — my brother plays the piano beautifully. If only my flat were bigger! Then I'd buy a piano too. My colleague always talks loudly on the phone. I wish he would take his calls in the meeting room.

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