Prositi drugega — ali narediti sam
Znam koga prositi ali prisiliti, da nekaj naredi, in povedati, da bom zmogel sam.
Navedeni čas jedra. Dva bloka jedra nimata številke, zato je prava lekcija daljša od te vsote.
Slovnica
18 minV slovenščini željo glede drugega človeka izrazimo z odvisnikom: „želim, da me pokličeš“. V angleščini za want takega odvisnika ni. Namesto njega stojita človek in to + glagol: I want you to call me. Ta model poznaš iz poročanja: asked me to wait (B1 #15), advised me to rest (B1 #16). Tu se mu pridružijo glagoli želje in pričakovanja.
Želim, da ti: glagol + koga + to + glagol.
| I want you to call me tonight. | Želim, da me zvečer pokličeš. |
| My parents wanted me to become a doctor. | Starši so želeli, da postanem zdravnik. |
| I'd like you to meet my sister. | Rad bi vas seznanil s sestro. |
| Would you like me to help? | Želite, da vam pomagam? |
| We expect everyone to be on time. | Pričakujemo, da bodo vsi prišli pravočasno. |
| I need you to sign here, please. | Potrebujem, da se tu podpišete. |
| She doesn't want us to worry. | Noče, da bi nas skrbelo. |
Za glagolom stoji predmetna oblika zaimka: me, you, him, her, us, them. Nikalnico navadno postavimo k want: I don't want you to go zveni bolj naravno kot I want you not to go. Would you like me to…? je vljudna ponudba pomoči, „želite, da…?“, poleg Shall I…? (A2 #12).
Prisiliti, dovoliti, pomagati: make, let, help. Za make in let stoji glagol brez to, kot za modalnim glagolom. Za help — kakor ti je ljubše: s to ali brez.
| The teacher made us rewrite the essay. | Učitelj nas je prisilil, da smo spis napisali znova. |
| That film always makes me cry. | Ob tem filmu vedno jočem. |
| My parents let me stay up late at weekends. | Starši so mi ob koncih tedna dovolili, da sem dolgo ostal pokonci. |
| Let me help you. | Naj vam pomagam. |
| Can you help me carry these boxes? | Mi pomagaš odnesti škatle? (= help me to carry) |
make — prisiliti z oblastjo ali z okoliščinami; prisili lahko tudi stvar: film, vreme, hrup. let — dovoliti, ne ovirati. Poznaš ga iz Let's (A1 #16): Let's go je let us go, „dovoli nam iti“.
get + koga + to — pregovoriti, doseči. V britanskem pogovoru zelo pogosta oblika: I'll get Tom to fix it. — „Toma bom prosil, naj ga popravi.“ I couldn't get him to listen. — „Nisem ga mogel pripraviti do tega, da bi poslušal.“ Za razliko od make ima get to.
Primerjaj — isti pomeni, a druga oblika:
| They let us leave early. | brez to |
| They allowed us to leave early. | allow — isto „dovoliti“, a s to, bolj uradno |
V trpniku dobi make to: We were made to wait for an hour. — „Prisilili so nas, da smo čakali eno uro.“ let trpnika nima; namesto njega je be allowed to iz B1 #11: We were allowed to leave early. — „Dovolili so nam, da odidemo prej.“ Tako dobimo par: They let us leave early — We were allowed to leave early.
Povratni zaimki — „sebe“ in „sam“.
| I — myself | we — ourselves |
| you — yourself | you — yourselves (o več ljudeh) |
| he — himself, she — herself, it — itself | they — themselves |
Imajo tri naloge.
Dejanje je usmerjeno nase — „sebe“, „sebi“, „se“: I cut myself. — „Urezal sem se.“ Did you hurt yourself? — „Si se poškodoval?“ She taught herself Italian. — „Sama se je naučila italijanščine.“ In dve vljudnostni formuli: Help yourself! — „Postrezite si!“, Enjoy yourselves! — „Zabavajte se!“
„Sam“, ne kdo drug — za poudarek, na koncu povedi ali takoj za samostalnikom: I'll do it myself. — „Sam bom naredil.“ Did you make this cake yourself? The town itself is small, but the beaches are beautiful. — „Samo mesto je majhno…“
by myself — „sam, brez drugih; brez pomoči“: I live by myself. — „Živim sam.“ She built the website by herself. Isto pomeni on my own: I did it on my own.
Veliko slovenskih glagolov s „se“ je v angleščini brez zaimka: wash — umiti se, get dressed — obleči se, relax — sprostiti se, feel — počutiti se, worry — vznemirjati se, meet — srečati se, hurry — podvizati se. myself postavimo samo, kadar je dejanje res usmerjeno nase in je to pomembno: I cut myself, a I washed and got dressed.
Tako se ne reče. ✗ I want he to come → ✓ I want him to come. Za want — predmetna oblika: him, ne he.
Preveri se. Kako rečeš „Želite, da vam pomagam?“? Kaj je narobe v She let me to use her car? Kako rečeš „Sam sem popravil kolo“?
prikaži odgovore
Napake govorcev slovenščine
prirejeno za vaš jezikOdvisnik z „da“ namesto koga + to
✗ I want that you call me → ✓ I want you to call me. ✗ Would you like that I open the window? → ✓ Would you like me to open the window? „Želim, da me pokličeš“, „bi radi, da odprem okno?“ — slovenski odvisnik se prenese dobesedno, in na mesto „da“ sede that. Za want in would like takega that ni: človek, nato to + glagol.
to za make in let
✗ He made me to wait → ✓ He made me wait. ✗ My parents didn't let me to go out → ✓ My parents didn't let me go out. „Starši mi niso pustili iti ven“ — v slovenščini tu stoji nedoločnik, ki se v angleščino navadno prenese kot to. Skoraj vsi glagoli tega modela imajo to — want me to, ask me to, allow me to —, make in let sta izjemi.
myself pri glagolih s „se“
✗ I feel myself much better
✓ I feel much better
„Počutim se“ ima „se“, in iz njega v angleščini nastane myself. Angleški feel pa je brez zaimka, kot tudi relax, worry, hurry.
„Sam“ kot myself
✗ I live myself
✓ I live by myself
I live on my own ali I live alone. Slovenski „sam“ pomeni „osebno“ („sam sem to naredil“) in „brez drugih“ („živim sam“), zato se zdi, da myself pokrije oboje. A myself brez by je „sebe“ ali „sam, osebno“; „brez drugih“ je by myself.
Trpnik od let
✗ We were let to leave early
✓ We were allowed to leave early
„Dovolili so nam“ hočemo zgraditi z let, ker smo se ga naučili kot „dovoliti“. A v trpniku se let ne uporablja; namesto njega je be allowed to.
Izgovorjava
4 minZaimek med dvema glagoloma je nenaglašen in se skrči:
| want him to | /ˈwɒnt ɪm tə/ |
| made her wait | /ˈmeɪd ə ˈweɪt/ |
| let me help | /ˈlet mi ˈhelp/ |
Začetni /h/ v him, her sredi povedi izgine — to je norma, ne malomarnost. Naglašena sta oba glagola, zaimek med njima kar zdrsne mimo.
V povratnem zaimku je naglas na -self: myself /maɪˈself/, yourself /jɔːˈself/, themselves /ðəmˈselvz/, ourselves /ˌaʊəˈselvz/. Kadar zaimek pomeni „sam“, ga še dodatno poudarimo z glasom: I'll do it mySELF.
Besedilo
5 minMy first job was in a small café in Brighton when I was seventeen. The owner, Mrs Price, was very strict. She made us wear a white shirt every day, and she never let us use our phones behind the counter. She expected everyone to arrive ten minutes early, and if you were late, she made you stay ten minutes longer.
In the first week she wanted me to wash the dishes and nothing else. I was bored, so I asked her to let me make the coffee. "Not yet," she said. "I want you to watch Sam first." Sam was the oldest waiter, and he helped me learn everything: how to use the coffee machine, how to carry three plates at once, how to talk to difficult customers.
By the end of the summer I could run the café by myself on quiet afternoons. Once I burnt myself on the coffee machine, but I didn't tell anyone — I just held my hand under cold water and carried on.
On my last day Mrs Price made me a cake herself. "You've taught yourself a lot," she said. "Would you like me to write you a reference?" I still have it.
Vaje
32 min1. Sestavi poved.
- I / want / you / call me tonight
- my boss / expect / us / work on Saturdays
- would / you / like / me / help you
- my parents / not want / me / become an actor (preteklik)
- the teacher / make / us / rewrite the essay (preteklik)
- they / let / the children / play in the garden (preteklik)
- can / you / help / me / carry this box
- I / get / my brother / fix my bike (prihodnjik)
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2. Vstavi to
- She made me apologise
- I'd like you meet my parents
- Let me explain
- We expect you be here at nine
- The film made everyone laugh
- I finally got him agree
- We weren't allowed take photos
- He helped me move the sofa
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3. Vstavi povratni zaimek.
- Be careful with that knife — don't cut
- Did you paint the kitchen ?
- We really enjoyed at the party
- She taught to play the guitar
- The children made the cake by
- The town isn't very interesting, but the beaches are beautiful
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4. Iskanje napak.
- I want that you help me.
- My parents didn't let me to go out.
- He made me to wait for an hour.
- I feel myself much better today.
- Would you like that I open the window?
- I live myself.
- We were let to leave early.
Prikaži odgovore
5. Prevedi v angleščino.
1) Želim, da izveš resnico. 2) Želite, da vas zapeljem? 3) Učitelj nas je prisilil, da smo se pesem naučili na pamet. 4) Starši mi zvečer niso dovolili gledati televizije. 5) Vse sem naredil sam. 6) Postrezite si!
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6. Povej o sebi
s tremi povedmi. Rešitve spodaj so zgled. 1) Kaj so te v otroštvu silili delati? 2) Kaj so ti dovolili? 3) Česa si se naučil sam?
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Povzetek
Obravnavano: want, would like, expect, need + koga + to; Would you like me to…?; make, let brez to, help s to in brez; get + koga + to; allow in be allowed to, was made to; osem povratnih zaimkov, by myself in on my own; slovenski glagoli s „se“ brez myself. Sledi lekcija 23: členi kot sistem.
Konec jedra
Lekcija se šteje za opravljeno, ko so vaje končane. Vse po tem je izbirno.
izbirno
Besedišče za kartice
15 besed- expect /ɪkˈspekt/ pričakovati
- allow /əˈlaʊ/ dovoliti
- myself /maɪˈself/ sebe, sam
- by myself /baɪ maɪˈself/ sam, brez pomoči
- on my own /ɒn maɪ ˈəʊn/ samostojno, sam
- help yourself /ˌhelp jɔːˈself/ postrezite si
- get dressed /ˌɡet ˈdrest/ obleči se
- teach yourself /ˌtiːtʃ jɔːˈself/ sam se naučiti
- strict /strɪkt/ strog
- counter /ˈkaʊntə/ pult
- customer /ˈkʌstəmə/ stranka, kupec, gost
- burn /bɜːn/ opeči (se)
- carry on /ˌkæri ˈɒn/ nadaljevati
- reference /ˈrefrəns/ priporočilo (delodajalca)
- by heart /baɪ ˈhɑːt/ na pamet
Pisanje
Šest povedi o prvi službi ali o šoli: kaj so od tebe želeli in pričakovali, kaj so te silili delati, kaj so ti dovolili in česa si se naučil sam.
Zgled
At my first job, my manager expected me to answer every email the same day. She made me write reports every Friday, but she let me work from home on Mondays. She didn't let us eat at our desks, and she made everyone switch off their phones in meetings. She wanted me to learn the new software quickly, so I taught myself in the evenings. A colleague offered to help, but I wanted to do it on my own. In the end I could do most things by myself.
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