Zamoliti drugoga — ili učiniti sam
Mogu nekoga zamoliti ili natjerati da nešto učini i reći da ću to obaviti sam.
Navedeno vrijeme jezgre. Dva bloka jezgre nemaju brojku, pa je stvarna lekcija duža od ovog zbroja.
Gramatika
18 minU hrvatskom se želja koja se tiče drugoga izriče rečenicom s „da“: „želim da me nazoveš“. U engleskom iza want takve rečenice nema. Umjesto nje dolazi osoba i to + glagol: I want you to call me. Taj model poznaješ iz prepričavanja: asked me to wait (B1 #15), advised me to rest (B1 #16). Ovdje mu se pridružuju glagoli želje i očekivanja.
Želim da ti: glagol + koga + to + glagol.
| I want you to call me tonight. | Želim da me nazoveš večeras. |
| My parents wanted me to become a doctor. | Roditelji su htjeli da postanem liječnik. |
| I'd like you to meet my sister. | Htio bih vas upoznati sa sestrom. |
| Would you like me to help? | Želite li da vam pomognem? |
| We expect everyone to be on time. | Očekujemo da svi dođu na vrijeme. |
| I need you to sign here, please. | Trebate se ovdje potpisati, molim. |
| She doesn't want us to worry. | Ne želi da se brinemo. |
Iza glagola stoji objektni oblik zamjenice: me, you, him, her, us, them. Niječnica obično ide uz want: I don't want you to go zvuči prirodnije nego I want you not to go. Would you like me to…? uljudna je ponuda pomoći, „želite li da…?“, uz Shall I…? (A2 #12).
Natjerati, dopustiti, pomoći: make, let, help. Iza make i let glagol stoji bez to, kao iza modalnog glagola. Iza help — kako ti je lakše: s to ili bez njega.
| The teacher made us rewrite the essay. | Učitelj nas je natjerao da ponovno napišemo sastav. |
| That film always makes me cry. | Na tom filmu uvijek zaplačem. |
| My parents let me stay up late at weekends. | Roditelji su mi vikendom dopuštali da ostanem budan dokasna. |
| Let me help you. | Dopustite da vam pomognem. |
| Can you help me carry these boxes? | Možeš li mi pomoći nositi ove kutije? (= help me to carry) |
make — natjerati autoritetom ili silom okolnosti; natjerati može i stvar: film, vrijeme, buka. let — dopustiti, pustiti, ne smetati. Poznaješ ga iz Let's (A1 #16): Let's go je let us go, „pusti nas da idemo“.
get + koga + to — nagovoriti, postići da netko nešto učini. U britanskom razgovoru vrlo čest oblik: I'll get Tom to fix it. — „Reći ću Tomu da to popravi.“ I couldn't get him to listen. — „Nisam ga uspio natjerati da sluša.“ Za razliku od make, uz get stoji to.
Usporedi — isti smisao, ali drukčiji oblik:
| They let us leave early. | bez to |
| They allowed us to leave early. | allow — isto „dopustiti“, ali s to, službenije |
U pasivu se uz make pojavljuje to: We were made to wait for an hour. — „Natjerali su nas da čekamo sat vremena.“ let nema pasiva; umjesto njega dolazi be allowed to iz B1 #11: We were allowed to leave early. — „Dopustili su nam da odemo ranije.“ Tako nastaje par: They let us leave early — We were allowed to leave early.
Povratne zamjenice — „sebe“, „se“ i „sam“.
| I — myself | we — ourselves |
| you — yourself | you — yourselves (o više osoba) |
| he — himself, she — herself, it — itself | they — themselves |
Imaju tri posla.
Radnja je usmjerena na sebe — „sebe“, „sebi“, „se“: I cut myself. — „Porezao sam se.“ Did you hurt yourself? — „Jesi li se ozlijedio?“ She taught herself Italian. — „Sama je naučila talijanski.“ I dvije uljudne formule: Help yourself! — „Poslužite se!“, Enjoy yourselves! — „Zabavite se!“.
„Sam“, a ne netko drugi — za isticanje, na kraju rečenice ili odmah iza imenice: I'll do it myself. — „Sam ću to napraviti.“ Did you make this cake yourself? The town itself is small, but the beaches are beautiful. — „Sam grad je malen…“.
by myself — „sam, bez drugih; bez pomoći“: I live by myself. — „Živim sam.“ She built the website by herself. Isto znači on my own: I did it on my own. Hrvatsko „sam“ pokriva i „osobno“ i „bez drugih“; engleski ih razdvaja: myself — osobno, by myself — bez drugih.
Mnogi hrvatski glagoli sa „se“ u engleskom su bez zamjenice: wash — prati se, get dressed — obući se, relax — opustiti se, feel — osjećati se, worry — brinuti se, meet — naći se, hurry — žuriti se. myself se stavlja samo kad je radnja doista usmjerena na sebe i to je važno: I cut myself, ali I washed and got dressed.
Tako se ne kaže. ✗ I want he to come → ✓ I want him to come. Iza want stoji objektni oblik: him, a ne he.
Provjeri se. Kako reći „Želite li da vam pomognem?“? Što ne valja u She let me to use her car? Kako reći „Sam sam popravio bicikl“?
prikaži odgovore
Pogreške izvornih govornika hrvatskoga
prilagođeno vašem jezikuRečenica s „da“ umjesto koga + to
✗ I want that you call me → ✓ I want you to call me. ✗ Would you like that I open the window? → ✓ Would you like me to open the window? „Želim da me nazoveš“, „želiš li da otvorim prozor?“ — u hrvatskom je to rečenica s „da“, a „da“ se prenosi kao that. Iza want i would like takve rečenice nema: osoba, zatim to + glagol.
to iza make i let
✗ He made me to wait → ✓ He made me wait. ✗ My parents didn't let me to go out → ✓ My parents didn't let me go out. „Natjerao me da čekam“, „nisu me pustili da izađem“ — ista rečenica s „da“ kao iza „želim“, pa se i ovdje stavi to. Ali make i let su iznimke: glagol iza njih stoji bez to.
myself uz glagole sa „se“
✗ I feel myself much better
✓ I feel much better
„Osjećam se“ ima „se“, i ono prelazi u engleski kao myself. Engleski feel nema zamjenicu, kao ni relax, worry, hurry.
„Sam“ kao myself
✗ I live myself
✓ I live by myself
I live on my own ili I live alone. „Živim sam“ i „sam sam to napravio“ — u hrvatskom ista riječ, pa se za oboje uzme myself. Ali myself bez by znači „sebe“ ili „osobno“, a „bez drugih“ je by myself.
Pasiv od let
✗ We were let to leave early
✓ We were allowed to leave early
„Pustili su nas ranije“ ima i pasiv — „pušteni smo ranije“ — pa se i engleski pasiv gradi od let. Ali let se u pasivu ne upotrebljava; umjesto njega dolazi be allowed to.
Izgovor
4 minZamjenica između dvaju glagola nenaglašena je i skraćuje se:
| want him to | /ˈwɒnt ɪm tə/ |
| made her wait | /ˈmeɪd ə ˈweɪt/ |
| let me help | /ˈlet mi ˈhelp/ |
Početni /h/ u him, her u sredini rečenice nestaje — to je norma, a ne nemar. Naglašena su oba glagola, zamjenica između njih samo promakne.
U povratnoj zamjenici naglasak je na -self: myself /maɪˈself/, yourself /jɔːˈself/, themselves /ðəmˈselvz/, ourselves /ˌaʊəˈselvz/. Kad zamjenica znači „sam“, još se i ističe glasom: I'll do it mySELF.
Tekst
5 minMy first job was in a small café in Brighton when I was seventeen. The owner, Mrs Price, was very strict. She made us wear a white shirt every day, and she never let us use our phones behind the counter. She expected everyone to arrive ten minutes early, and if you were late, she made you stay ten minutes longer.
In the first week she wanted me to wash the dishes and nothing else. I was bored, so I asked her to let me make the coffee. "Not yet," she said. "I want you to watch Sam first." Sam was the oldest waiter, and he helped me learn everything: how to use the coffee machine, how to carry three plates at once, how to talk to difficult customers.
By the end of the summer I could run the café by myself on quiet afternoons. Once I burnt myself on the coffee machine, but I didn't tell anyone — I just held my hand under cold water and carried on.
On my last day Mrs Price made me a cake herself. "You've taught yourself a lot," she said. "Would you like me to write you a reference?" I still have it.
Vježbe
32 min1. Sastavi rečenicu.
- I / want / you / call me tonight
- my boss / expect / us / work on Saturdays
- would / you / like / me / help you
- my parents / not want / me / become an actor (prošlo vrijeme)
- the teacher / make / us / rewrite the essay (prošlo vrijeme)
- they / let / the children / play in the garden (prošlo vrijeme)
- can / you / help / me / carry this box
- I / get / my brother / fix my bike (buduće vrijeme)
Prikaži odgovore
2. Umetni to
- She made me apologise
- I'd like you meet my parents
- Let me explain
- We expect you be here at nine
- The film made everyone laugh
- I finally got him agree
- We weren't allowed take photos
- He helped me move the sofa
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3. Umetni povratnu zamjenicu.
- Be careful with that knife — don't cut
- Did you paint the kitchen ?
- We really enjoyed at the party
- She taught to play the guitar
- The children made the cake by
- The town isn't very interesting, but the beaches are beautiful
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4. Pronalaženje pogreške.
- I want that you help me.
- My parents didn't let me to go out.
- He made me to wait for an hour.
- I feel myself much better today.
- Would you like that I open the window?
- I live myself.
- We were let to leave early.
Prikaži odgovore
5. Prevedi na engleski.
1) Želim da znaš istinu. 2) Želite li da vas povezem? 3) Učitelj nas je natjerao da naučimo pjesmu napamet. 4) Roditelji mi nisu dopuštali da navečer gledam televiziju. 5) Sve sam napravio sam. 6) Poslužite se!
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6. Ispričaj o sebi
u tri rečenice. Rješenja ispod su uzorak. 1) Na što su te tjerali u djetinjstvu? 2) Što su ti dopuštali? 3) Što si naučio sam?
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Sažetak
Obrađeno: want, would like, expect, need + koga + to; Would you like me to…?; make, let bez to, help s to i bez njega; get + koga + to; allow i be allowed to, was made to; osam povratnih zamjenica, by myself i on my own; hrvatski glagoli sa „se“ bez myself. Slijedi lekcija 23: članovi kao sustav.
Kraj jezgre
Lekcija se računa kao završena nakon vježbi. Sve nakon toga je neobavezno.
neobavezno
Riječi za kartice
15 riječi- expect /ɪkˈspekt/ očekivati
- allow /əˈlaʊ/ dopustiti, dopuštati
- myself /maɪˈself/ sebe, (ja) sam
- by myself /baɪ maɪˈself/ sam, bez pomoći
- on my own /ɒn maɪ ˈəʊn/ samostalno, sam
- help yourself /ˌhelp jɔːˈself/ poslužite se
- get dressed /ˌɡet ˈdrest/ obući se
- teach yourself /ˌtiːtʃ jɔːˈself/ naučiti sam
- strict /strɪkt/ strog
- counter /ˈkaʊntə/ pult, šank
- customer /ˈkʌstəmə/ kupac, gost
- burn /bɜːn/ opeći (se)
- carry on /ˌkæri ˈɒn/ nastaviti
- reference /ˈrefrəns/ preporuka (s posla)
- by heart /baɪ ˈhɑːt/ napamet
Pisanje
Šest rečenica o prvom poslu ili o školi: što su od tebe htjeli i očekivali, na što su te tjerali, što su ti dopuštali i što si naučio sam.
Uzorak
At my first job, my manager expected me to answer every email the same day. She made me write reports every Friday, but she let me work from home on Mondays. She didn't let us eat at our desks, and she made everyone switch off their phones in meetings. She wanted me to learn the new software quickly, so I taught myself in the evenings. A colleague offered to help, but I wanted to do it on my own. In the end I could do most things by myself.
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