Zamoliti drugog — ili uraditi sam
Mogu da zamolim ili nateram nekoga da nešto uradi i da kažem da ću to uraditi sam.
Deklarisano vreme jezgra. Dva bloka jezgra nemaju broj, pa je stvarna lekcija duža od ovog zbira.
Gramatika
18 minNa srpskom se želja koja se tiče drugog čoveka izražava zavisnom rečenicom sa „da“: „želim da me pozoveš“. U engleskom posle want takve rečenice nema. Umesto nje dolazi čovek i to + glagol: I want you to call me. Ovaj model znaš iz prepričavanja: asked me to wait (B1 #15), advised me to rest (B1 #16). Ovde mu se pridružuju glagoli želje i očekivanja.
„Želim da ti…“: glagol + koga + to + glagol.
| I want you to call me tonight. | Želim da me pozoveš večeras. |
| My parents wanted me to become a doctor. | Roditelji su hteli da postanem lekar. |
| I'd like you to meet my sister. | Voleo bih da vas upoznam sa sestrom. |
| Would you like me to help? | Hoćete li da vam pomognem? |
| We expect everyone to be on time. | Očekujemo da svi dođu na vreme. |
| I need you to sign here, please. | Potrebno je da se ovde potpišete. |
| She doesn't want us to worry. | Ne želi da brinemo. |
Posle glagola stoji objekatski oblik zamenice: me, you, him, her, us, them. Odricanje se obično stavlja uz want: I don't want you to go zvuči prirodnije od I want you not to go. Would you like me to…? — učtiva ponuda pomoći, „hoćete li da ja…?“, pored Shall I…? (A2 #12).
Naterati, dozvoliti, pomoći: make, let, help. Posle make i let glagol ide bez to, kao posle modalnog. Posle help — kako je zgodnije: sa to ili bez njega.
| The teacher made us rewrite the essay. | Nastavnik nas je naterao da ponovo napišemo sastav. |
| That film always makes me cry. | Na tom filmu uvek plačem. |
| My parents let me stay up late at weekends. | Roditelji su mi vikendom dozvoljavali da ostanem budan do kasno. |
| Let me help you. | Dajte da vam pomognem. |
| Can you help me carry these boxes? | Možeš li da mi pomogneš da ponesem ove kutije? (= help me to carry) |
make — naterati autoritetom ili silom okolnosti; naterati može i stvar: film, vreme, buka. let — dozvoliti, ne smetati. Znaš ga iz Let's (A1 #16): Let's go je let us go, „dozvoli nam da pođemo“.
get + koga + to — nagovoriti, postići da neko nešto uradi. U britanskom razgovoru je ovo veoma čest oblik: I'll get Tom to fix it. — „Zamoliću Toma da to popravi.“ I couldn't get him to listen. — „Nisam uspeo da ga nateram da sluša.“ Za razliku od make, get ima to.
Uporedi — isto značenje, ali drugi oblik:
| They let us leave early. | bez to |
| They allowed us to leave early. | allow — isto „dozvoliti“, ali sa to, zvaničnije |
U pasivu se kod make pojavljuje to: We were made to wait for an hour. — „Naterali su nas da čekamo sat vremena.“ let nema pasiv; umesto njega je be allowed to iz B1 #11: We were allowed to leave early. — „Dozvolili su nam da odemo ranije.“ Dobija se par: They let us leave early — We were allowed to leave early.
Povratne zamenice — „sebe“ i „sam“.
| I — myself | we — ourselves |
| you — yourself | you — yourselves (o više njih) |
| he — himself, she — herself, it — itself | they — themselves |
Imaju tri posla.
Radnja je usmerena na sebe — „sebe“, „sebi“, „se“: I cut myself. — „Posekao sam se.“ Did you hurt yourself? — „Jesi li se udario?“ She taught herself Italian. — „Sama je naučila italijanski.“ I dve učtive formule: Help yourself! — „Poslužite se!“, Enjoy yourselves! — „Lepo se provedite!“
„Sam“, a ne neko drugi — za isticanje, na kraju rečenice ili odmah posle imenice: I'll do it myself. — „Uradiću to sam.“ Did you make this cake yourself? The town itself is small, but the beaches are beautiful. — „Sam grad je mali…“
by myself — „sam, bez drugih; bez pomoći“: I live by myself. — „Živim sam.“ She built the website by herself. Isto znači on my own: I did it on my own. Srpsko „sam“ pokriva oba značenja — i „lično“ i „bez drugih“; engleski ih razdvaja: myself i by myself.
Mnogi srpski glagoli sa „se“ u engleskom su bez zamenice: wash — umiti se, oprati se, get dressed — obući se, relax — opustiti se, feel — osećati se, worry — brinuti se, meet — sresti se, naći se, hurry — žuriti (se). myself se stavlja samo kad je radnja zaista usmerena na sebe i kad je to važno: I cut myself, ali I washed and got dressed.
Tako se ne kaže. ✗ I want he to come → ✓ I want him to come. Posle want — objekatski oblik: him, a ne he.
Proveri se. Kako reći „Hoćete li da vam pomognem?“? Šta nije u redu u She let me to use her car? Kako reći „Sam sam popravio bicikl“?
prikaži odgovore
Greške govornika srpskog jezika
prilagođeno vašem jezikuRečenica sa „da“ umesto koga + to
✗ I want that you call me → ✓ I want you to call me. ✗ Would you like that I open the window? → ✓ Would you like me to open the window? „Želim da me pozoveš“, „hoćeš li da otvorim prozor?“ — „da“ se prenosi kao that. Posle want i would like takve rečenice nema: čovek, zatim to + glagol.
to posle make i let
✗ He made me to wait → ✓ He made me wait. ✗ My parents didn't let me to go out → ✓ My parents didn't let me go out. „Naterao me je da čekam“, „nisu me pustili da izađem“ — isto „da“ kao posle „želim“, pa se i ovde stavlja to. Ali make i let su izuzeci: glagol posle njih ide bez to.
myself uz glagole sa „se“
✗ I feel myself much better
✓ I feel much better
U „osećam se“ stoji „se“, i ono prelazi u engleski kao myself. Ali feel ide bez zamenice, kao i relax, worry, hurry.
„Sam“ u značenju „bez drugih“
✗ I live myself
✓ I live by myself
I live on my own ili I live alone. Srpsko „sam“ je i „lično“ („sam sam to napravio“) i „bez drugih“ („živim sam“), pa se za oba uzima myself. Ali myself bez by znači samo „sebe“ ili „lično“.
Pasiv od let
✗ We were let to leave early
✓ We were allowed to leave early
let je naučeno kao „dozvoliti“, pa se i „dozvoljeno nam je“ gradi od njega. Ali let u pasivu nema; umesto njega dolazi be allowed to.
Izgovor
4 minZamenica između dva glagola je nenaglašena i skraćuje se:
| want him to | /ˈwɒnt ɪm tə/ |
| made her wait | /ˈmeɪd ə ˈweɪt/ |
| let me help | /ˈlet mi ˈhelp/ |
Početno /h/ u him, her usred fraze nestaje — to je norma, a ne nemar. Naglašena su oba glagola, a zamenica između njih prolazi neprimetno.
U povratnoj zamenici naglasak je na -self: myself /maɪˈself/, yourself /jɔːˈself/, themselves /ðəmˈselvz/, ourselves /ˌaʊəˈselvz/. Kada zamenica znači „sam“, ističe se i glasom: I'll do it mySELF.
Tekst
5 minMy first job was in a small café in Brighton when I was seventeen. The owner, Mrs Price, was very strict. She made us wear a white shirt every day, and she never let us use our phones behind the counter. She expected everyone to arrive ten minutes early, and if you were late, she made you stay ten minutes longer.
In the first week she wanted me to wash the dishes and nothing else. I was bored, so I asked her to let me make the coffee. "Not yet," she said. "I want you to watch Sam first." Sam was the oldest waiter, and he helped me learn everything: how to use the coffee machine, how to carry three plates at once, how to talk to difficult customers.
By the end of the summer I could run the café by myself on quiet afternoons. Once I burnt myself on the coffee machine, but I didn't tell anyone — I just held my hand under cold water and carried on.
On my last day Mrs Price made me a cake herself. "You've taught yourself a lot," she said. "Would you like me to write you a reference?" I still have it.
Vežbe
32 min1. Sastavi rečenicu.
- I / want / you / call me tonight
- my boss / expect / us / work on Saturdays
- would / you / like / me / help you
- my parents / not want / me / become an actor (prošlo vreme)
- the teacher / make / us / rewrite the essay (prošlo vreme)
- they / let / the children / play in the garden (prošlo vreme)
- can / you / help / me / carry this box
- I / get / my brother / fix my bike (buduće vreme)
Prikaži odgovore
2. Upiši to
- She made me apologise
- I'd like you meet my parents
- Let me explain
- We expect you be here at nine
- The film made everyone laugh
- I finally got him agree
- We weren't allowed take photos
- He helped me move the sofa
Prikaži odgovore
3. Upiši povratnu zamenicu.
- Be careful with that knife — don't cut
- Did you paint the kitchen ?
- We really enjoyed at the party
- She taught to play the guitar
- The children made the cake by
- The town isn't very interesting, but the beaches are beautiful
Prikaži odgovore
4. Pronalaženje greške.
- I want that you help me.
- My parents didn't let me to go out.
- He made me to wait for an hour.
- I feel myself much better today.
- Would you like that I open the window?
- I live myself.
- We were let to leave early.
Prikaži odgovore
5. Prevedi na engleski.
1) Želim da znaš istinu. 2) Hoćete li da vas povezem? 3) Nastavnik nas je naterao da naučimo pesmu napamet. 4) Roditelji mi nisu dozvoljavali da uveče gledam televiziju. 5) Sve sam uradio sam. 6) Poslužite se!
Prikaži odgovore
6. Ispričaj o sebi
u tri rečenice. Odgovori ispod su primer. 1) Šta su te u detinjstvu terali da radiš? 2) Šta su ti dozvoljavali? 3) Šta si naučio sam?
Prikaži odgovore
Rezime
Obrađeno: want, would like, expect, need + koga + to; Would you like me to…?; make, let bez to, help sa to i bez njega; get + koga + to; allow i be allowed to, was made to; osam povratnih zamenica, by myself i on my own; srpski glagoli sa „se“ bez myself. Sledi lekcija 23: članovi kao sistem.
Kraj osnove
Lekcija se računa kao završena kada se urade vežbe. Sve nakon ovoga je opciono.
opciono
Reči za špil
15 reči- expect /ɪkˈspekt/ očekivati
- allow /əˈlaʊ/ dozvoliti
- myself /maɪˈself/ sebe, sam
- by myself /baɪ maɪˈself/ sam, bez pomoći
- on my own /ɒn maɪ ˈəʊn/ samostalno, sam
- help yourself /ˌhelp jɔːˈself/ poslužite se
- get dressed /ˌɡet ˈdrest/ obući se
- teach yourself /ˌtiːtʃ jɔːˈself/ naučiti sam
- strict /strɪkt/ strog
- counter /ˈkaʊntə/ pult, tezga
- customer /ˈkʌstəmə/ kupac, gost
- burn /bɜːn/ opeći (se)
- carry on /ˌkæri ˈɒn/ nastaviti
- reference /ˈrefrəns/ preporuka (sa posla)
- by heart /baɪ ˈhɑːt/ napamet
Pisanje
Šest rečenica o prvom poslu ili o školi: šta su od tebe hteli i očekivali, šta su te terali da radiš, šta su ti dozvoljavali i šta si naučio sam.
Primer
At my first job, my manager expected me to answer every email the same day. She made me write reports every Friday, but she let me work from home on Mondays. She didn't let us eat at our desks, and she made everyone switch off their phones in meetings. She wanted me to learn the new software quickly, so I taught myself in the evenings. A colleague offered to help, but I wanted to do it on my own. In the end I could do most things by myself.
Kontrolna lista
Vežbajte ovu lekciju u drugim odeljcima
Imate ideju za novu funkciju?
⚑ opciono